Mapping the horizon: techniques to optimize tumor resection before and during surgery.

Although a primary tenet of neurosurgical oncology is that survival can improve with greater tumor resection, this principle must be tempered by the potential for functional loss after radical removal. Current neurosurgical innovations aim to improve our anatomical, physiological, and functional understanding of the surgical region of interest to prevent potential neurological morbidity during resection. We review current and future imaging modalities as well as state-of-theart intraoperative techniques that can facilitate extent of resection while minimizing the associated morbidity profile.